What is Global Warming?

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, particularly the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. Gases trap heat from the sun, creating a "greenhouse effect" that keeps our planet warm enough to support life under normal circumstances. Human actions—burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, along with deforestation—have dramatically increased the concentration of these gases, leading to an unnatural rise in temperature across the world.

Since the industrial revolution, the global average temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius (2 degrees Fahrenheit). Scientists have warned (and continue to warn) that a rise beyond 1.5°C could trigger catastrophic effects. These effects are already being felt today, with more frequent and intense heatwaves, rising sea levels, shifting weather patterns, and extreme storms becoming common by the year. Polar ice caps are melting at unprecedented rates, adding an existential threat to wildlife and coastal communities.

While natural factors like volcanic eruptions and solar variations have historically influenced Earth's climate, the rapid pace of current global warming can only be explained by human activities. This phenomenon doesn’t just affect the environment; it poses serious risks to human health, agriculture, water supply, and economies.

To combat global warming, nations around the world are working together, aiming to significantly reduce their carbon emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and adopt sustainable practices. Every individual can also play a role by reducing their carbon footprint—whether by conserving energy, using public transport, or supporting policies aimed at mitigating climate change.